Typical application description of vacuum technology

Everyone in modern society is enjoying the convenience that vacuum technology brings to us. For example, the secret of thermos insulation is that there is a vacuum space inside the bottle wall, which reduces heat conduction to maintain the temperature inside the pot; the interior of fluorescent lamps, street lamps, and car lights is also in a vacuum state, otherwise it cannot emit light. TVs, computer monitors, etc. are also inseparable from vacuum. Glasses and cameras, camera lenses In order to improve the light transmittance, the optical film coated on the surface is also applied with vacuum technology.

The semiconductor industry is inseparable from vacuum technology. Production of semiconductor components: (1) to incorporate the corresponding other elements on the silicon wafer; (2) to form complex metal thin films and insulating films in the production of integrated circuits; (3) to perform complex etching of surfaces, etc. Process. If the vacuum in the production process is not enough, there will be serious consequences after dust or oil droplets on the surface. The width of the thin wire in the integrated circuit is 1/3 of the diameter of the smoke particles spit out during smoking, which is nearly one ten thousandth of the diameter of a dust. For an integrated circuit, even if there is a smog of particles, it is like stopping a large aircraft on the road, so that the electrons cannot pass or cause a short circuit.

The development of new materials is inseparable from vacuum. Thin film growth technology represented by molecular beam epitaxy is an important means for the development of new materials. After the thin film material is placed in the evaporation source, it is evaporated or sublimated. In an ultra-high vacuum environment, the atoms or molecules of the thin film material can fly over long distances. The substrate is formed into a film; and since the residual gas is small, the film formed on the surface of the substrate is high in purity.

The surface science field has extremely high requirements for vacuum. The clean surface of the material is obtained by high temperature annealing or combined with ion sputtering in an extremely high vacuum environment, at which time the surface does not adsorb any other molecules or atoms. The atomic arrangement and electronic state of the surface of the material can be seen by sophisticated surface analysis experiments such as scanning tunneling electron microscopy.

The most advanced particle accelerator in physics is a combination of large-scale vacuum technology. The electrons (or other charged particles) are accelerated to near the speed of light. If the electron storage ring is not in an ultra-high vacuum state, the electrons collide with the molecules or atoms therein, thereby rapidly decaying. In addition, the nuclear fusion reaction should reach a high temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees, and the extremely high vacuum environment is the basic premise of the system work.

Military and space development are also inseparable from vacuum. Stealth aircraft or submarines should absorb radar waves to the maximum extent for undiscovered purposes. Absorbing radar wave materials applied to aircraft or submarines are nanoparticles obtained by using vacuum technology. The development of the universe is inseparable from the vacuum, because the universe itself is in an ultra-high vacuum state. The materials used in the spacecraft, the docking technology, and the spacesuits of the astronauts are everywhere the vacuum technology.